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Using a VPN is a terrific way to shield your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple for a rear door to get past the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI needed to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or similar hack is different, it will become a goal, a prize for the bad guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each the products in this roundup explicitly say that they have no rear door, and that is as it should be. It will mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document secret you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a protected. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel with these options.

One sort of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, each of the documents that you put into it are completely inaccessible. .

Similar to the digital drive solution, a few products save your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy demands extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial provided by each one of these products to get a why not find out more feel for the different options.

Once you copy a file into secure storage, or create an encrypted version of it, you absolutely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products avoid this problem by encrypting the file in place, literally overwriting it on disc using an encrypted version. It is more common, though, to offer safe deletion as an option. If you choose something that lacks this attribute, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery functions because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, image, or other document into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the products gathered here service AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you may prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. Another is personal, and needs to be closely guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can create an electronic signature that proves your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact that your public key decrypts it's all the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a file with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.